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With different types of Solar Panel available in the marketplace, a question that may linger is – What type of Solar panel to choose?

How to know the best type of Solar panel that would suit your requirements?

Having information about the different types of Panels helps you in making the best purchase decision on solar panels.

In this article we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different types of Solar Panel to help you in this regard

Ready?

Let’s start.

Before we understand the different types of Solar Panel, let’s understand the basics of how Solar Panels work in general. Solar Panels are made of Solar cells that create electricity by capturing Sunlight.

They are made of semiconductor materials like silicon which conduct electricity. The Solar cells are sandwiched with 2 layers: N-type and P-type layer.

• N-type Layer – This layer is capable of losing electrons.
• P-type Layer – this layer is capable of receiving electrons.

When Solar Panels are exposed to sunlight, solar cells absorb sunlight. When Solar Cells absorb much of the sunlight the N-type releases electrons and the P-type receives electrons. Electrons thus released are made to flow in a circuit and electricity is created.

For more on how solar cells work: http://www.explainthatstuff.com/solarcells.html

There are 3 major types of Solar Panel that are seen in the marketplace. These are:

• Monocrystalline Panels
• Polycrystalline Panels
• Thin film Panels

Let us understand each of these types in detail:

These Panels appear dark black or dark blue in color. These panels are made of Single silicon crystal.

Czochralski is the process for creating the mono-crystalline panels. This involves getting silicon wafers cut from conical silicon ingot. The silicon ingot is got by melting silicon rocks at a very high temperature in a furnace. A seed crystal is hung from a narrow cable that is lowered into the furnace with a rotator which is slowly pulled up from the furnace. What is got is the silicon ingot or block made of one crystal, hence the name mono-crystalline.

The cone shaped silicon ingot is cut into silicon wafers that is used to make the solar cells. There is a lot of wastage that happens while cutting the silicon ingot into wafers.

The use of a single silicon crystal allows for more easy electron flow. Hence these panels offer more efficiency(Watt output to that of the Solar size.)

It means that you gain slightly more power for the same amount of space with monocrystalline panels compared to other types of panels.

It provides the highest efficient Solar Panels in the range of 14-21% efficiency. It also takes less rooftop space. Another advantage is that they are more resistant to shading issues. Also they perform better at higher temperatures.

Although it provides highest efficiency, the cost of monocrystalline panels is very high compared to the other types of Solar panel. But with the improvements in technology we are seeing panels with higher efficiencies at affordable prices.

Polycrystalline panels are made by melting silicon rocks in a square shaped quartz mold. The melted silicon cools and harden to crystallize. They cool at different rates as the outside layer cools and sets in quickly compared to other layers. This creates the different crystals and hence the name poly-crystalline panels. They are then cut into wafers used for creating Solar cells.

The process for creating Polycrystalline panels is much cheaper and creates less wastage compared to other panels.

They are less efficient than monocrystalline panels due to the structural inconsistencies at the seams where two different crystals meet.

These are much cheaper than monocrystalline panels, but need more solar panels with more investment to be made in other equipments like racking equipments, inverters and so on.

Poly crystalline panels are much cheaper to produce. Hence the costs are much cheaper compared to mono-crystalline panels.

They are less efficient compared to monocrystalline panels.

These are not made of silicon wafers as compared to the Monocrystalline and polycrystalline panels. These are made by depositing semiconductor material on ceramic substrate. The manufacturing process of thin film panels are much cheaper compared to other types of panels and much cheaper to procure than other types of Solar panel. But these are less efficient compared to monocrystalline and polycrystalline panels. They are a lot more flexible and easy to transport.

Since it is of less weight it allows for flexibility and easy to carry. These have a consistent look in terms of design and look pleasing to eye.

They are less efficient compared to other panels. Occupies more roof space. The lifetime of these types of panels is less. They associated cost of these panels are high since these panels have esser efficiency.

The choice on selecting the Solar Panels varies based on a number of factors like – Price, Efficiency, Flexibility.

Monocrystalline Panels are used where efficiency is of a high priority. Also if space is a constraint then you can go for Monocrystalline panels

If cost is a factor, but you are fine with a lesser efficient solar panel then the user can go for Polycrystalline panel or Thin film panels. If space is not a constraint then these may be the right type of Solar Panel to go for.

Thin film solar panels can be considered if efficiency is a very important factor. These kind of panels also resistant to shading which improves efficiency of the Solar Panels. Another nice thing about these kind of panels are they are also aesthetically pleasing. If efficiency is not a big factor then these type of panels can be considered for households.

Apollo offers different kinds of Solar Panels and installs the Solar Panels that suit your requirements. If you are interested in procuring high quality Solar panels, contact us. We will help you get the right kind of Solar panels installed at your premises.

As an EPC contractor in India, we have been frequently asked various questions regarding solar inverters. Based on our extensive experience across multiple projects, we have observed that three inverter brands are commonly chosen by our clients. Here’s a closer look at these top three inverters and the reasons why they stand out:

1. SolarEdge String Inverter

• Why Choose SolarEdge?: SolarEdge is renowned for its advanced technology, featuring panel-level monitoring that allows users to track the performance of each solar panel individually. This not only optimizes energy production but also provides real-time data through a user-friendly mobile app.
• Warranty: In the market, most string inverters typically come with a warranty of only 5 to 7 years. However, SolarEdge stands out by providing a 10-year warranty, offering extensive coverage that assures clients of the inverter’s long-term reliability.

2. Growatt Traditional String Inverter

• Why Choose Growatt?: Known for its cost-effectiveness, Growatt provides dependable performance for standard commercial solar systems. It strikes a balance between quality and affordability, making it an attractive option for businesses and residential houses looking to optimize their energy investments.
• Warranty: Growatt typically offers warranties ranging from 5 to 7 years, ensuring adequate support for many commercial installations.

3. DEYE Inverter

• Why Choose DEYE?: As a versatile brand, DEYE offers a comprehensive range of inverters, including hybrid models compatible with lithium batteries. This flexibility allows businesses to customize their energy solutions based on specific needs and preferences.
• Warranty: DEYE provides a 10-year warranty for hybrid inverters and lithium batteries, ensuring durability and peace of mind for commercial users.

Conclusion

At Apollo Power Systems, we pride ourselves on our expertise in solar solutions and have successfully completed projects using all three of these brands. If you want to know more about inverters and how they work, enquire now! Let us help you find the best solar solution for your needs.

MEP stands for Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing. These services are crucial for the design, implementation, and maintenance of a building’s essential systems. Here’s a brief overview of what each component entails:

• Mechanical Services: These include heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, refrigeration, fire-fighting, fire protection and other climate control systems. Mechanical services ensure a building’s interior environment remains comfortable and safe.
• Electrical Services: This involves the installation and maintenance of electrical systems, including lighting, power distribution, emergency systems, and communication networks. Electrical services are essential for the everyday functioning of modern buildings.
• Plumbing Services: These services encompass water supply systems, drainage, sewage, and stormwater management. Plumbing ensures the proper delivery and disposal of water, maintaining hygiene and sanitation.

Outsourcing MEP services to specialised contractors can provide several advantages:

• Expertise and Experience: Specialized MEP contractors bring a wealth of knowledge and experience, ensuring high-quality installations and maintenance.
• Cost Efficiency: Outsourcing can reduce costs related to hiring and training in-house staff, as well as equipment and materials.
• Compliance and Safety: Professional MEP contractors are well-versed in industry standards and regulations, ensuring that all installations and services are compliant and safe.
• Innovative Solutions: Contractors often have access to the latest technologies and innovative solutions, providing the most efficient and effective services.

With 30 years of experience in the industry, Apollo Power Systems has established itself as a trusted leader in providing comprehensive MEP services across India. Here’s why we stand out:

• Extensive Experience: Our three decades of experience have equipped us with the knowledge and expertise to handle a wide range of projects, ensuring top-notch service and client satisfaction.
• Reputed Clients: We have a strong track record of working with prestigious clients, including renowned companies like TUV, Berger,Brigade, Dr.Reddy’s Laboratories, GE Healthcare, Volvo, Motherson Group, Kennametal and many more. Our client list is a testament to our reliability and quality of service.
• Strategic Partnerships: We partner with industry leaders for assistance and support, ensuring that we deliver the best solutions to our clients.
• Comprehensive Solutions: From project planning and implementation to maintenance and support, we offer end-to-end MEP solutions. Our services are designed to meet the unique needs of each client, ensuring efficiency and effectiveness.
• Commitment to Safety: Safety is a top priority at Apollo Power Systems. We adhere to strict EHS (Environmental, Health, and Safety) policies, ensuring that all projects are executed with the highest safety standards.
• Expert Team: Our team comprises licensed contractors and skilled professionals who are dedicated to delivering exceptional service. Their expertise ensures that every project is completed to the highest standards.

Choosing Apollo Power Systems for your MEP contracting services means partnering with a company that has a proven track record, a commitment to excellence, and a dedication to client satisfaction. Our extensive experience, reputed clients, strategic partnerships, and comprehensive solutions make us the top choice for MEP contracting services in Bangalore. Trust Apollo Power Systems to deliver the best in mechanical, electrical, and plumbing services for your next project.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices and with the systems over the internet. These devices range in complexity from common household items to huge industrial instruments. Internet of Things (IoT), also referred to as the Internet of Everything (IoE).

Although you may not be aware of the term “Internet of Things,” you are probably more familiar with the terms “smart homes” or “connected homes,” which refer to a variety of IoT devices that make your life easier at home. IoT gadgets, on the other hand, can be located both inside and outside the house. From a Wi-Fi pet camera on your bookshelf to a pacemaker implanted in your body, they may be anything. As long as an IoT device is connected to the internet and contains sensors that transfer data, it is said to be an IoT device. Your smartphone is not an Internet of Things device, despite the fact that it can perform both jobs.

Coffee makers, washing machines, music systems, televisions, wearables, and other electronic devices that can connect with one another via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication are examples of these items.

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has risen to prominence as one of the most significant technologies of the twenty-first century. Now that embedded devices can connect common objects to the internet, including as kitchen appliances, autos, thermostats, and baby monitors, seamless communication between people, processes, and things is possible.

Because of low-cost computers, cloud computing, analytics, and mobile technologies, physical items can share and collect data with minimal human contact. In today’s interconnected world, digital technologies can record, monitor, and influence every interaction between connected devices.

People can use the internet of things to live and work more intelligently and gain complete control over their life. In addition to delivering smart gadgets to automate homes, the Internet of Things is crucial for business. Businesses may get a real-time perspective of how their systems work thanks to the Internet of Things, which can provide data on everything from machine performance to supply chain and logistical operations.

The Internet of Things can help businesses automate processes and save money on labour. It also cuts waste and improves service delivery by cutting production and delivery costs and increasing transparency in consumer transactions.

As a result, the Internet of Things has become one of the most important technologies in everyday life, and it will continue to grow in popularity as more businesses see the benefit of connected devices in preserving their competitiveness.

When talking about how the Internet of Things works, it all starts with devices that have sensors built in. These devices are connected to IoT systems, which collect and store data from all connected devices. The crucial information is then used to carry out duties that satisfy the needs of the people. When we claim that data is saved on IoT systems, we don’t automatically mean that the data is entirely useful. Devices carefully pick only the information required to carry out an activity. This data can be used to spot patterns, recommendations, and problems before they occur.

This is how a smart system that automates procedures to meet certain requirements interacts with an Internet of Things application. Let’s take a closer look at the Internet of Things concept and see what the key components are. Smartphones, on the other hand, play an important role in the Internet of Things because many IoT devices can be controlled using a smartphone app. For example, you can use your smartphone to communicate with your smart thermostat so that the appropriate temperature is waiting for you when you get home from work. Another advantage? This can help you save money on energy bills by removing unneeded heating and cooling while you’re gone.

Sensors and mini-computer processors are used in IoT devices, and machine learning is used to act on the data collected by the sensors. IoT devices are small computers that are connected to the internet and can be hacked or infected with malware.

Machine learning is the process by which computers learn in the same way that humans do — by collecting data from their surroundings — and it is this process that enables IoT devices to become smart. This input will aid the computer in learning and responding to your preferences. Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to learn without the assistance of humans.

Sensors/ Devices

The most crucial part of Internet of Things technology to consider is sensors and devices. A sensor detects all of the small details in its environment. In the environment, there are numerous complexities. IoT security is made possible by these sensors, which can detect even the tiniest changes. These sensors are built inside the devices and collect all of the information for later use. For example, our phone contains built-in sensors such as GPS and a camera.

After that, the data is transmitted to the cloud infrastructure (also known as IoT platforms). The gadgets, on the other hand, will require a medium to convey the data. Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WAN, cellular networks, and other connections are activated at this point. These mediums are all distinct, and they must be carefully chosen to produce the best outcomes. The efficiency of IoT security is heavily influenced by the speed and availability of various channels.

Data Processing

The data must be analysed once it has arrived at the cloud infrastructure in order to take the required action. This procedure, on the other hand, is often recognised as one of the most significant impediments to the development of IoT apps. The analysis can be as simple as verifying the air conditioner’s temperature or as sophisticated as a scenario in which an intruder arrives and the device must identify him using cameras. The IoT application is built to fast process all data so that immediate actions may be done.

User Interface

In the last phase, the user is notified of the activity via a notification or an alarm sound sent to the IoT mobile apps. As a result, the user will be aware that the systems have processed his command. Everything hinges on what the Internet of Things is and how it came to be.

The Internet of Things is designed to make our lives more simple and convenient. Here are a few examples:

• Smart bathroom scales that pair with your treadmill to provide healthy meal planning advice to your laptop or smartphone
• Home security systems that monitor your home and turn lights on and off when you enter and exit specific areas, as well as streaming video so you can keep an eye on things while you’re away.
• Smart voice assistants can place orders for you, making fresh food delivered to your door.

Organizations best suited for IoT are those that would benefit from using sensor devices in their business processes.

Manufacturing

Manufacturers can obtain an advantage by adopting production-line monitoring to enable proactive equipment maintenance when sensors indicate an impending malfunction or any other issue reported. When factory output is impaired, sensors can detect it. Manufacturers can immediately verify equipment for accuracy using sensor warnings, or they can withdraw it from production until it is rectified. Companies can cut operating expenses, enhance uptime, and manage asset performance better as a result of this.

Automotive

The deployment of IoT applications in the automobile industry has the potential to yield major benefits. Sensors can detect approaching equipment failure in vehicles already on the road and provide the driver with details and advice, in addition to the benefits of incorporating IoT into production lines. Automotive manufacturers and suppliers may learn more about keeping automobiles functioning and car owners informed thanks to aggregated data gathered by IoT-based applications.

Transportation and Logistics

Transportation and logistical operations benefit from a variety of IoT applications. Vehicles, trucks, ships, and trains transporting inventory can be rerouted based on weather conditions. Vehicle availability, and driver availability can also be tracked through IoT sensor data. Sensors for inventory tracking and temperature control could be incorporated within the inventory itself. In the food and beverage, flower, and pharmaceutical industries, temperature-sensitive inventory is frequent, and IoT monitoring apps that offer alerts when temperatures climb or fall to a level that threatens the product would be extremely useful.

Retail

Retailers can use IoT apps to better manage inventory, improve customer service, optimize supply chains, and cut costs. Smartly equipped with weight sensors, for example, can collect RFID-based data and transfer it to an IoT platform, allowing inventory to be automatically monitored and alarms sent if things are running short. Customers can receive targeted offers and promotions using beacons, creating a more engaging experience for them..

Public Sector

In the public sector and other service-related industries, the advantages of IoT are similarly broad. Government-owned utilities, for example, can employ IoT-based applications to warn customers of large-scale outages as well as local water, power, or sewer service disruptions. IoT apps can collect data on the scope of an outage and dispatch services to assist utilities in recovering from outages more quickly.

Healthcare

On various levels, IoT asset monitoring serves the healthcare industry. Doctors, nurses, and On various levels, IoT asset monitoring serves the healthcare industry. Doctors, nurses, and other staff commonly need to know where wheelchairs and other patient-assistance devices are kept. When wheelchairs in a hospital are fitted with IoT sensors, they can be tracked using an IoT asset-monitoring software, allowing anyone looking for one to find the nearest accessible wheelchair right away. In this way, many hospital assets also can be tracked to ensure proper use and accounting for physical assets in each department.

General Safety across All Industries

IoT can be utilised to improve worker safety in addition to tracking physical assets. Mine employees, oil and gas workers, chemical and power plant workers all need to be aware of the dangers that could harm them. Individuals can be notified of impending accidents or rescued as quickly as possible when they are connected to IoT sensor–based apps. Wearables that monitor human health and environmental data also leverage IoT applications. These apps enable doctors to monitor patients remotely while also assisting consumers in better understanding their own health.

Some of the advantages of IoT include the following:

• We can access the information from anywhere at any time in IoT connected devices.
• enhanced connectivity between linked electronic devices
• saving time and money by transmitting data packets via a connected
• automating tasks to increase the quality of a company’s services while lowering the need for human intervention

Some disadvantages of IoT:

• As the number of linked devices grows and more information is shared between them, the risk of a hacker stealing confidential data grows as well.
• Enterprises may have to deal with significant numbers of IoT devices in the future, maybe millions, and acquiring and managing data from all of those devices will be challenging..
• If there’s an error in the system, it’s likely that every connected device will have some or the other error or bug.
• It’s difficult for devices from different manufacturers to connect with each other because there isn’t an international standard for IoT compatibility.

At Apollo Power Systems, we have more than 300+ products for a wide range of indoor and outdoor applications for industries and offices. We also provide connected lighting control solutions based on DALI, RF, and other technologies for both indoor as well as outdoor use. Switching to LED Lighting for your business alleviates the demand and pressure on the resources of the Earth. We save money and energy from using these and at the same time, we are saving our environment. Knowing that the quality and brightness are not compromised, it’s an economical choice to make. To know further details about LED Lighting, please reach out to us at www.apollopowersystems.com

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has mandated the adoption of a Retrofit Emission Control Device urging state governments to align with this directive for improved environmental compliance. The push for the adoption of eco-friendly DG technologies has been supported by each state government, emphasizing cleaner, more efficient energy solutions. However, there have been varying responses from the states in terms of the timeline for compliance and additional regulations.

Here’s a quick overview of how different states have reacted to the CPCB notifications:

• November 2022 Notification: RECD installation mandated for DG sets between 61 kW to 800 kW that are older than five years from the date of manufacturing and up to its useful life.
• November 2023 Notification: RECD installation mandated for DG sets up to 800 KW (1000 KVA) within 31 March 2024 and not mandatory for DG sets above 1000 KVA subjected to compliance at emission standard notified vide GSR489(E).
• Due date for retrofitting: 31 March 2024

• June 2020 Notification: Mandated retrofitting of DG sets having a capacity of 125 kVA and above.
• April 2024 Notification (Updated): Mandated retrofitting of DG sets having a capacity of 61 kW to 800 kW, not mandatory for DG sets above 1000 KVA subjected to compliance at emission standard notified vide statutory Direction No:76.
• Due date for retrofitting180 days from the notification date
• Penalty:Actions as warranted under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 shall be initiated.

• June 2023 Notification: Industries, establishments, utilities, and other entities using DG sets up to 800 kW (1000 kVA) must comply with retrofitting emission control devices. The RECD should be certified by one of the recognized and approved agencies by CPCB. For DG sets above 1000 kVA RECD should be tested by one of the CPCB-approved labs over ISO 8178-5 mode D2 cycle.
• Due date for retrofitting: 120 days from the notification date

• 2020 Notification: The Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board requires retrofitting for all operational DG sets of 125 kVA and above to comply with NCAP’s air quality objectives. The RECD should be tested by one of the CPCB-approved labs over ISO 8178-5 mode D2 cycle.
• Due date for retrofitting: 120 days from the notification date

• July 2021 Notification:The Delhi Pollution Control Committee mandates retrofitting all DG sets with capacities 125 kVA and above using emission control devices. All Retrofitting Emission Control Devices (RECDs) must be tested under the ISO-8178 mode D2 cycle for the corresponding kVA rating.
• Due date for retrofitting: 120 days from the notification date

Firstly all Retrofitting Emission Control Devices (RECDs) must be tested under the ISO-8178 mode D2 cycle for the corresponding kVA rating of the diesel generator. The testing and approval should be conducted at one of the following CPCB-recognized laboratories:

• 1. Automotive Research Association of India – Pune, Maharashtra
• 2. International Centre for Automotive Technology – Manesar, Haryana
• 3. Indian Oil Corporation, Research and Development Centre – Faridabad, Haryana
• 4. Indian Institute of Petroleum – Dehradun, Uttarakhand
• 5. Vehicle Research and Development Establishment – Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

At Apollo Power Systems, we bring you the first ISO-certified, test-type-approved RECD device. Our RECD devices are designed with top features to deliver superior performance:

• Low Maintenance: Compared to all other RECD devices available in the market.
• No Additional Space Required: Designed for easy integration with your existing DG setup.
• Minimal Additional Energy Consumption: Optimized for energy efficiency.
• Permissible Back Pressure: Ensures smooth operation and compliance with the latest standards.

It’s time to choose the best RECD device for your diesel generator. Our devices have been successfully implemented for leading companies like TCS and more.

In addition to RECD devices, Apollo Power Systems also offers expert services for Diesel Generators, including:

• AMC (Annual Maintenance Contracts)
• Spare Parts Management
• Preventive Maintenance contracts

We are your trusted experts for all DG-related services and solutions.

Choose Apollo Power Systems for your RECD and DG needs today!